Episode 1
Who was Homer, the father of Western literature, and what historical context led to the creation of “The Odyssey”? This episode explores why the immortal story, born of oral tradition, still resonates 3,000 years later.
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Page 1 of 3 · Episodes 1–25
Who was Homer, the father of Western literature, and what historical context led to the creation of “The Odyssey”? This episode explores why the immortal story, born of oral tradition, still resonates 3,000 years later.
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Odysseus and his companions are trapped in the one-eyed giant Polyphemus’s cave, where they face a crisis and the loss of their comrades. But through cunning, they blind the giant and escape. This illustrates human wisdom overcoming the old Greek custom of hospitality through reckless behavior and trickery.
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Thanks to the bag of wind he received from the wind god Aeolus, he almost reaches the shore of Ithaca. But his men’s greed leads them to open the bag, and he is stranded once again. He then suffers a tragedy in which only one of his 12 ships survives an attack by the cannibal giants, the …
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Odysseus and his companions, the only survivors of their ship, reach the island of Aeaea, where they face the danger of being transformed into pigs by the magic of the goddess Circe. With the help of a mysterious antidote Hermes gives him, Odysseus defeats the magic, subdues Circe, and frees his …
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On Circe’s instructions, Odysseus enters the underworld alive to meet the soul of the blind seer Tiresias. His reunion with his dead mother, Anticlea, and the sorrowful confession of the hero Achilles make him reflect on the meaning of life and death. Watching the punished souls conveys the weight …
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On his way home, Odysseus must make a cruel choice: sail through the narrow strait between the six-headed monster Scylla and the massive whirlpool Charybdis. This dilemma, which requires a sacrifice either way, sharply raises questions about the foundations of leadership and responsibility.
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His starving men slaughter the sacred cattle of the sun god Helios, and Zeus’s lightning strike kills the rest of Odysseus’s companions. The only survivor, Odysseus, is swept by a wave to the island of Ogygia, home to the nymph Calypso, where he remains captive for seven years and is offered …
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With the help of the goddess Athena, Odysseus escapes Ogygia and eventually reaches Ithaca with the aid of the Phaeacians. He observes the more than 100 suitors who have taken over the palace grounds, his wife Penelope’s clever resistance, and his son Telemachus’s growth. At the hut of the faithful …
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Penelope announces an archery contest using Odysseus’s bow. The winner must shoot an arrow through 12 axe heads and will then marry her. Disguised as an old beggar, Odysseus strings the bow that no one else could draw and shoots an arrow that resounds like thunder. Moving scenes of recognition …
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Penelope tests the secret of the bed made from olive-wood logs to confirm her husband’s identity, and the two have a genuine reunion after 20 years. Through the dramatic reunion with her father Laertes and Athena’s intervention, the war comes to an end, completing the epic poem’s themes of homecoming and reconciliation.
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An introduction to the life of liberal philosophy pioneer John Stuart Mill, exploring the background behind the creation of “On Liberty” through his journey from a machine-like childhood education to an understanding of true freedom.
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In his work “On the Limits of Individual Freedom,” John Stuart Mill introduces the “harm principle” and argues that the only just basis for restricting an individual’s freedom is when that person harms others.
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The limits within which personal freedom should be guaranteed are examined, and it is argued that actions affecting only oneself should be allowed without restriction, even when others object.
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The argument is presented that no opinion should be silenced, because an opinion that is silenced may be misleading and even truth becomes a dead dogma without discussion.
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The reasons why even opinions that seem mistaken should be protected are explored, along with the argument that conflict with false opinions is the driving force that keeps truth alive and encourages critical thinking.
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In the Victorian era, when conformity was considered a virtue, this series argues that individuality—the unique way each person lives—provides the source for the development of human abilities and inner life.
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Seen from society’s perspective, individual differences show that society can break free from stagnation and develop when different ways of life coexist. Genius and innovative minds can never flourish in a standardized society.
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The analysis shows how public opinion and social attitudes restrict individual freedom, warning that the tyranny of the majority can be just as threatening to freedom as legal coercion.
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It examines how customs and traditions subtly yet profoundly restrict personal freedom, criticizing the “despotism of custom,” whereby the routine observance of traditions hinders human development.
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The principles of freedom covered in ten parts—including Haeyaek’s principles, freedom of speech, and individuality—are applied to concrete examples, and practical advice from “On Liberty” is used to sketch a vision of a free society in the future.
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A journey through Adam Smith’s life takes us through Cullen Harbor, the Glasgow market, and the slums of Oxford, showing how his observations became the seeds of “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.”
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It explains that the source of national wealth is labor, not gold or silver, and describes through the example of specialization in a pin factory how labor productivity increases a hundredfold and what social significance this has.
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It is argued that people are fundamentally creatures who exchange, and that pursuing self-interest through voluntary exchange leads to social cooperation in the marketplace.
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All product prices consist of three elements: wages, profit, and rent. The program explains how a gravitational balance between natural prices and market prices adjusts supply and demand.
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Wages, profits, and rent determine the social distribution of wealth. The more evenly capital is distributed throughout society and the livelier competition becomes, the more a healthy economy develops, with workers’ wages rising.
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